The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), 417-423. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 4(2), 192-210. Quantifying the difference between active and passive control groups in cognitive interventions using two meta-analytical approaches. C., Bunarjo, K., Buschkuehl, M., & Jaeggi, S. Are there multiple ways to direct attention in working memory? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1424(1), 115-126. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 87(2), 85-106. A structural analysis of working memory and related cognitive skills in young children. The cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with low working memory. The Digit Span subtest requires test-takers to repeat strings of digits in forward order (forward digit span), as well as in reverse order (backward digit span). © 2022 Society for Psychophysiological Research.Īlloway, T. These results have potential implications for optimizing the current cognitive training on working memory.Ĭontralateral delay activity event-related potential filtering efficiency randomized controlled trial working memory span. Backward span training also improved interference control based on the ERP data (CDA_filtering efficiency) to a greater extent than did forward span training and no intervention, but the three groups did not differ in terms of behavioral indices of interference control. Compared to no intervention, both forward and backward span trainings led to significantly greater improvement in working memory maintenance, based on indices from both behavioral (Kmax) and ERP data (CDA_2T0D and CDA_4T0D). Behavioral data were collected from two additional tasks: a multi-object version of the change detection task, and a suppress task. Event-related potential (ERP) signals were recorded at the pre-, mid-, and post-tests while the subjects were performing a distractor version of the change detection task, which included three conditions (2 targets and 0 distractor 4 targets and 0 distractor and 2 targets and 2 distractors ). Based on data from a randomized controlled trial, this study (N = 60 healthy college students) tested the effects of backward span training, forward span training, and no intervention. Both forward and backward working memory span tasks have been used in cognitive training, but no study has been conducted to test whether the two types of trainings are equally effective.
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